9 Types of Outdoor Decks and How to Choose One

Attached Deck

• Best for: Extending indoor spaces into the outdoors.

Perhaps the most common type of deck is one that is structurally anchored to the home. It usually is designed as an extension to an existing room, such as a dining room, kitchen, or family room, and is accessed by doors that allow free passage between the indoor and outdoor spaces.

This is a broad category that can include both simple ground-level platforms or multi-level structures complete with stairways and landings. What is common to this type of deck is that it is structurally attached to the house by means of a ledger board that is firmly anchored to the home's framing. This type of engineering means such decks are very solid and strong, but it also means that they are subject to building code requirements since they are seen as structural additions to the home.

When elevated above the ground, these decks must be supported by posts and footings according to building code requirements. Such decks will require construction permits and inspections by city officials.

Detached Island (Platform) Deck

• Best for: Providing comfortable seating areas in the yard.

Structurally, a detached deck is exactly the opposite of an attached deck. It is not attached to a permanent structure at all, but is built freestanding somewhere in the yard, often linked to the house via a pathway. Sometimes called "floating decks" or "platform decks," these structures can often be built without the elaborate footing-post-beam structure required by an attached deck, so they are a very good choice for DIYers. And in many communities, no building permit is required to construct one.

On a relatively level building site, detached island decks can be literally floating—resting on concrete blocks or simply on the ground itself. Or, if the building site is not flat and level, they can be constructed with traditional footings and short posts that support beams and structural members.

Wraparound Deck

• Best for: Large outdoor living spaces that connect multiple sides of the home.

A wraparound deck is best regarded as a large attached deck. It is usually a slightly elevated structure that continues around two or more sides of the home to connect various areas. These decks are sometimes covered by roofing (called wraparound porches) and feature railings in addition to openings for steps.

Your wraparound deck can be narrow or spacious depending on your budget and the available space around your home. If the deck is covered, expenses will be significantly higher to add new roofing and reroute your gutter system. Composite decking materials will also require a higher budget than wood, but they may last up to twice as long.

Multi-Level Deck

• Best for: Large properties with changes in elevation.

A multilevel deck is a series of several separate decks on individual levels that are connected by stairways. The terrain often dictates the need for a multilevel deck: Hills, slopes, and rocky landscaping may not be able to accommodate any outdoor living spaces except by constructing a series of decks offset at different heights. It's easier and more budget-friendly to build a deck over a sloped or rocky area than to level the land for a patio.

A multilevel deck can include segments that are anchored to the house as attached decks, as well as detached areas that are linked with stairways.

Multi-level decks are significantly more expensive than standard square or rectangular decks because of the additional materials and labor they require to construct. Like other types of decks, wood or composite wood can be used depending on your budget and needs.

Side-Yard Deck

• Best for: Small seating areas and pathways.

Beyond the three basic structural designs, decks can be categorized by their location within the landscape. The next few examples define decks according to where they are located.

For example, a side yard deck offers a good way to turn an unused part of the yard into functional space. When this often overlooked space isn't being used for gardens, pets, or storage, building a side-yard deck can turn it into a livable area. These decks are smaller and cost considerably less than full-sized decks, but they can create extra room and improve the area's appearance. Side-yard decks can be made of wood or composite wood based on your durability needs.

A side-yard deck can also provide a secluded, peaceful getaway without leaving home. For example, a small deck with a hot tub outside an exterior bedroom door can turn your side yard into a relaxing and attractive space. Privacy screens can also be added for a sheltered ambiance.

Structurally, side-yard decks can be either attached or detached structures. Usually, they are at ground level, but it is also possible to elevate them on posts anchored in footings.

Swimming Pool Deck

• Best for: Seating and walking areas around swimming pools.

Decking is a great choice around a pool because it's slip-resistant and doesn't get as hot as patio masonry materials like stone or concrete. Wood or composite decking is also a simple way to make an above-ground pool more easily accessible. Deck surrounds create more space for swimmers to lounge by the pool and offer a place for parents to keep a poolside watch on swimming children.

Since real wood can split and wear, it needs to be maintained with a deck sealant regularly so that swimmers don't get splinters in their feet. Composite decking is a great option, however, it's more expensive and some colors retain much more heat than others. Because pool decks are exposed to water regularly, a light-colored composite decking is the best choice for durability, splinter prevention, and minimal maintenance.

Structurally, a pool-side deck is often constructed so it simply rests on the existing concrete apron around the pool. But decks are sometimes constructed around above-ground pools to create the illusion of an in-ground installation. In this kind of application, the poolside deck can even be an attached deck that extends out from the house to surround an above-ground pool. Here, construction is much more complicated, requiring footings, posts, and a complicated understructure. On a smaller scale, this kind of design can also be used around a spa or hot tub.

Entryway Deck

• Best for: Adding livable space to the front of the home.

Building an entryway deck is a good way to create a more welcoming entrance to your home, and can also provide functional space for visiting guests or just enjoying a pleasant evening with neighbors.

An entryway deck can be similar to a front porch but without the full enclosure. Or, it can be designed as a series of steps and platforms that add to your home's architecture. This type of deck also sometimes has built-in benches or planter boxes, and each element can be made of wood or durable composite materials.

Materials, shape, and design should complement the architecture of the house, making the deck and home look like they were built at the same time and not as an added-on afterthought.

Rooftop or Over-Garage Deck

• Best for: Limited yard space.

Rooftop and over-garage decks allow homeowners to extend their outdoor living areas without taking up valuable space in the yard. However, it's important not to rush into this project before consulting a professional who can determine whether the structure is safe and suitable for a deck.

Like poolside decks and outdoor dining decks, it's smart to use composite decking when constructing a rooftop or over-garage deck for durability purposes. Additionally, costs can be considerably higher to prepare the existing structure for deck construction. These decks work best on flat roofs, and they're a great option to create outdoor space in urban dwellings.

Dedicated-Use Deck

• Best for: Providing space for favorite activities.

A third way to categorize decks is by their function. These decks are built and accessorized to make them function best for a specific purpose. While all decks can be used in many ways, these decks are built with the idea that they will be used mostly for one purpose.

For example, many decks serve primarily as outdoor cooking and dining areas. When attached to the home, these decks serve as an extension of the kitchen or dining room, and they might include a built-in grill, counter, bar, food-prep space, and a table.

This type of deck can be as simple or elaborate as your budget, space, and imagination allow. It's best to cover the deck to keep your outdoor appliances and seating areas safe from changing weather. Because dining decks are usually expected to last for many years, composite wood is often best for durability.

Even if you plan on building a completely equipped outdoor kitchen, it's still a smart idea to locate it near your indoor kitchen. When planning an outdoor dining or kitchen deck, consider where to safely locate the grill in relation to the house and roof (city codes usually specify). It's also helpful to plan an area for the sink and ensure you have enough clearance for your outdoor table. Large seating areas and multiple appliances will require a larger deck, which also increases the overall cost.

There are other types of special-use decks, of course. If you enjoy sunbathing or relaxing in a spa, you might want a small, secluded deck with privacy screens. Avid gardeners might choose a deck with built-in planters, trellises, or overhead arbors suitable for climbing plants.